To effectively prepare for the class 9 history chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution, focus on these key points with below short notes:
- 1850s-1880s: Debates over socialism in Russia
- 1898: Formation of the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party
- 1905: The Bloody Sunday and the Revolution of 1905
- 1914: Beginning of the First World War (August 1)
- 1917: Abdication of the Tsar (March 2); Bolshevik uprising in Petrograd (October 24)
- 1918: Germany capitulates, ending the First World War (November 9); Proclamation of the Weimar Republic (November 9)
- 1918-1920: The Civil War in Russia
- 1919: Formation of Comintern
- 1919: Treaty of Versailles (June 28)
- 1929: Beginning of Collectivisation
- 1933: Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany (January 30)
- 1939: Germany invades Poland, beginning of the Second World War (September 1)
- 1941: Germany invades the USSR (June 22); Mass murder of the Jews begins (June 23); The United States joins the Second World War (December 8)
- 1945: Soviet troops liberate Auschwitz (January 27); Allied victory in Europe (May 8)
- 1945: The United States drops the atom bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, ending the Second World War (August 6)
- 1946: Royal Indian Navy mutiny reported
The conclusion for the class 9 chapter 2 are –
- Transformation of society in Europe and Russia
- Rise of socialism
- Effects of industrialization
- The Russian Revolution
- Subsequent developments in the USSR and its global influence
Prepare well with our Class 9 Social Science MCQ Questions with Answers, following the newest exam pattern.
MCQ Questions and Answers for Class 9 History Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
Question 1: Which major historical event opened the possibility of restructuring society in Europe?
a) The Industrial Revolution
b) The French Revolution
c) The Renaissance
d) The Russian Revolution
Answer:
b) The French Revolution
Question 2: What did liberals advocate for in the nineteenth century?
a) Universal adult franchise
b) A nation tolerant of all religions
c) Absolute monarchy
d) Complete social equality
Answer:
b) A nation tolerant of all religions
Question 3: Why did liberals oppose dynastic rulers?
a) They wanted to establish military rule
b) They believed in safeguarding individual rights
c) They supported the Catholic Church
d) They favored absolute monarchy
Answer:
b) They believed in safeguarding individual rights
Question 4: What was the key difference between radicals and liberals?
a) Radicals opposed private property
b) Radicals supported the majority population
c) Liberals favored socialism
d) Liberals were against industrialization
Answer:
b) Radicals supported the majority population
Question 5: What was the stance of conservatives in the nineteenth century?
a) They wanted to completely abolish monarchy
b) They accepted slow and gradual change
c) They supported revolutionary uprisings
d) They favored universal voting rights
Answer:
b) They accepted slow and gradual change
Question 6: Which social and economic changes marked the Age of Social Change?
a) The expansion of agriculture
b) Industrialization and urbanization
c) The rise of feudal society
d) The formation of cooperatives
Answer:
b) Industrialization and urbanization
Question 7: What was the major problem for workers during industrialization?
a) Short working hours
b) High wages
c) Long working hours and poor wages
d) Government support
Answer:
c) Long working hours and poor wages
Question 8: What role did liberals and radicals play in industrial societies?
a) They supported private ownership without reform
b) They searched for solutions to industrial problems
c) They fought for monarchy restoration
d) They promoted colonial rule
Answer:
b) They searched for solutions to industrial problems
Question 9: Who believed that socialism could emerge through cooperative communities?
a) Karl Marx
b) Robert Owen
c) Friedrich Engels
d) Louis Blanc
Answer:
b) Robert Owen
Question 10: Which political leader supported government intervention to promote cooperatives?
a) Lenin
b) Louis Blanc
c) Karl Marx
d) Giuseppe Mazzini
Answer:
b) Louis Blanc
Question 11: What was Karl Marx’s vision for a socialist society?
a) A society where workers overthrow capitalism
b) A system of private ownership
c) A cooperative capitalist society
d) A monarchy supported by workers
Answer:
a) A society where workers overthrow capitalism
Question 12: Which two socialists added critical ideas to socialism?
a) Robert Owen and Karl Marx
b) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
c) Louis Blanc and Lenin
d) Lenin and Giuseppe Mazzini
Answer:
b) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Question 13: What did Marx believe about capitalists?
a) They ensured workers’ prosperity
b) They exploited workers for profits
c) They promoted equality in society
d) They abolished private property
Answer:
b) They exploited workers for profits
Question 14: Why did socialists criticize private property?
a) It was seen as the root of social problems
b) It led to universal prosperity
c) It created stronger communities
d) It encouraged cooperation among classes
Answer:
a) It was seen as the root of social problems
Question 15: What was the “Second International” in the 1870s?
a) A meeting of European conservatives
b) An international body coordinating socialist efforts
c) An alliance between workers and aristocrats
d) A gathering of radical monarchists
Answer:
b) An international body coordinating socialist efforts
Question 16: Who ruled Russia in 1914?
a) Tsar Nicholas II
b) Vladimir Lenin
c) Karl Marx
d) Leon Trotsky
Answer:
a) Tsar Nicholas II
Question 17: What percentage of Russia’s population were agriculturists before 1917?
a) 50%
b) 60%
c) 75%
d) 85%
Answer:
d) 85%
Question 18: Why was Russia considered backward compared to other European countries?
a) It had fewer peasants
b) It was less industrialized
c) It was a republic
d) It had abundant natural resources
Answer:
b) It was less industrialized
Question 19: What type of government existed in Russia before 1905?
a) Democracy
b) Republic
c) Autocracy
d) Constitutional monarchy
Answer:
c) Autocracy
Question 20: What caused the Bloody Sunday massacre in 1905?
a) Workers protesting at the Winter Palace
b) Peasants seizing land
c) Soldiers rebelling against the Tsar
d) The First World War
Answer:
a) Workers protesting at the Winter Palace
Question 21: Who led the workers’ procession during the Bloody Sunday incident?
a) Leon Trotsky
b) Father Gapon
c) Vladimir Lenin
d) Karl Marx
Answer:
b) Father Gapon
Question 22: What was the immediate outcome of the 1905 Revolution?
a) Fall of monarchy
b) Establishment of a provisional government
c) Creation of the Duma
d) Seizure of factories by workers
Answer:
c) Creation of the Duma
Question 23: Why did the 1905 Revolution fail to bring significant change?
a) Tsar Nicholas II dismissed the Duma
b) Workers refused to strike
c) Peasants supported the monarchy
d) Liberals and radicals united under the Tsar
Answer:
a) Tsar Nicholas II dismissed the Duma
Question 24: What were the primary demands of workers in 1905?
a) More land ownership
b) Eight-hour workday, better wages, and conditions
c) Expansion of agriculture
d) End of foreign influence
Answer:
b) Eight-hour workday, better wages, and conditions
Question 25: How did the Tsar react to revolutionary uprisings in 1905?
a) He granted universal suffrage
b) He allowed the formation of Soviets
c) He used military force and dismissed the Duma
d) He abolished taxes on peasants
Answer:
c) He used military force and dismissed the Duma
Question 26: What was the role of Soviets during the 1905 Revolution?
a) They acted as workers’ councils
b) They supported the Tsar
c) They distributed land among peasants
d) They enforced military rule
Answer:
a) They acted as workers’ councils
Question 27: What led to the industrial unrest in Russia before the 1905 Revolution?
a) High wages and short working hours
b) Low demand for industrial goods
c) Long working hours, low wages, and poor conditions
d) Agricultural surplus
Answer:
c) Long working hours, low wages, and poor conditions
Question 28: What was the result of Tsar’s dismissal of the first Duma?
a) Strengthened worker unity
b) Increased strikes and unrest
c) Reduced revolutionary activities
d) Formation of a socialist government
Answer:
b) Increased strikes and unrest
Question 29: Who made up the majority of Russia’s population before the Revolution?
a) Industrial workers
b) Soldiers
c) Agriculturists and peasants
d) Nobles and aristocrats
Answer:
c) Agriculturists and peasants
Question 30: What significant change did the 1905 Revolution introduce in Russia?
a) Creation of an elected consultative body
b) Abolition of monarchy
c) Redistribution of land
d) Worker-controlled factories
Answer:
a) Creation of an elected consultative body
Question 31: What event marked the beginning of the February Revolution in Petrograd?
a) Lockout at a factory
b) The abdication of Tsar Nicholas II
c) Workers storming the Winter Palace
d) The return of Lenin to Russia
Answer:
a) Lockout at a factory
Question 32: When did Tsar Nicholas II abdicate the throne?
a) 25th October 1917
b) 2nd March 1917
c) 15th February 1917
d) 12th March 1917
Answer:
b) 2nd March 1917
Question 33: Who led the Bolshevik Party during the Russian Revolution?
a) Karl Marx
b) Leon Trotsky
c) Vladimir Lenin
d) Tsar Nicholas II
Answer:
c) Vladimir Lenin
Question 34: What was Lenin’s key set of demands upon his return to Russia in April 1917?
a) Workers’ rights and an end to monarchy
b) Land to peasants, end of war, and nationalization of banks
c) Formation of the Duma and industrial growth
d) Support for the Provisional Government
Answer:
b) Land to peasants, end of war, and nationalization of banks
Question 35: What was Lenin’s set of demands called?
a) April Theses
b) Communist Manifesto
c) February Declaration
d) Petrograd Accord
Answer:
a) April Theses
Question 36: What significant body did workers and soldiers form during the February Revolution?
a) The Duma
b) Soviets
c) The Assembly of Workers
d) The Bolshevik Council
Answer:
b) Soviets
Question 37: What role did women play during the February Revolution?
a) They remained passive observers
b) They led strikes and demonstrations
c) They were employed as soldiers
d) They supported the monarchy
Answer:
b) They led strikes and demonstrations
Question 38: What event triggered the October Revolution in 1917?
a) Lenin’s return from exile
b) Military Revolutionary Committee’s seizure of power
c) The formation of the Provisional Government
d) The storming of the Winter Palace
Answer:
d) The storming of the Winter Palace
Question 39: Who led the Military Revolutionary Committee that organized the October Revolution?
a) Joseph Stalin
b) Leon Trotsky
c) Karl Marx
d) Tsar Nicholas II
Answer:
b) Leon Trotsky
Question 40: What was the outcome of the October Revolution?
a) Formation of the Duma
b) Overthrow of the Provisional Government and Bolshevik control
c) Abdication of the Tsar
d) Division of Russia into republics
Answer:
b) Overthrow of the Provisional Government and Bolshevik control
Question 41: What happened to the Provisional Government during the October Revolution?
a) It was strengthened
b) It dissolved peacefully
c) It was overthrown by Bolsheviks
d) It defeated the Bolsheviks
Answer:
c) It was overthrown by Bolsheviks
Question 42: What new name did the Bolsheviks adopt after seizing power?
a) Socialist Workers’ Party
b) Communist Party
c) Workers’ Union
d) Soviet Party
Answer:
b) Communist Party
Question 43: What was the first major decision taken by the Bolsheviks after coming to power?
a) Redistribution of land to peasants
b) Reinstatement of the monarchy
c) Expansion of Russia’s territory
d) Formation of the Duma
Answer:
a) Redistribution of land to peasants
Question 44: How did the Bolsheviks manage to gain support from peasants?
a) They allowed peasants to seize lands of nobles
b) They abolished taxes for peasants
c) They promoted collectivization immediately
d) They supported the Tsar
Answer:
a) They allowed peasants to seize lands of nobles
Question 45: Which two cities were key to the success of the Bolshevik uprising?
a) Kiev and Moscow
b) Petrograd and Moscow
c) Stalingrad and Petrograd
d) Minsk and Stalingrad
Answer:
b) Petrograd and Moscow
Question 46: What did the Bolsheviks immediately nationalize after coming to power?
a) All private industries and banks
b) Railways and farms
c) Schools and hospitals
d) Churches and monasteries
Answer:
a) All private industries and banks
Question 47: What was declared as “social property” after the October Revolution?
a) Workers’ factories
b) Land owned by the nobility
c) State-owned buildings
d) Military resources
Answer:
b) Land owned by the nobility
Question 48: What type of government did Russia become after the Bolsheviks seized power?
a) A constitutional monarchy
b) A capitalist state
c) A socialist one-party state
d) A democracy
Answer:
c) A socialist one-party state
Question 49: What was the main goal of collectivization under Stalin?
a) To modernize farming through large, collective farms
b) To abolish all private land ownership
c) To redistribute land to individual farmers
d) To export surplus grain for profit
Answer:
a) To modernize farming through large, collective farms
Question 50: What was the impact of collectivization on peasants?
a) Increased agricultural productivity
b) Resistance, famine, and destruction of livestock
c) Elimination of taxes
d) Improved living conditions
Answer:
b) Resistance, famine, and destruction of livestock
Question 51: What was the primary cause of the famine during Stalin’s collectivization?
a) Poor weather conditions
b) Peasants resisting and destroying livestock
c) Increased taxation
d) Export of all surplus grains
Answer:
b) Peasants resisting and destroying livestock
Question 52: What was the purpose of the Five-Year Plans introduced in the USSR?
a) To modernize industries and increase production
b) To improve education for workers
c) To support capitalist enterprises
d) To establish a monarchy
Answer:
a) To modernize industries and increase production
Question 53: What was the role of the Cheka under Bolshevik rule?
a) To implement collectivization
b) To enforce the new Soviet laws
c) To suppress opposition and dissent
d) To promote industrialization
Answer:
c) To suppress opposition and dissent
Question 54: Which symbol became associated with socialism after the Russian Revolution?
a) The red flag
b) The white cross
c) The sickle and hammer
d) The tricolor flag
Answer:
c) The sickle and hammer
Question 55: How did the Russian Revolution inspire colonial nations like India?
a) It encouraged industrialization
b) It showed a path to overthrow colonial rule
c) It promoted monarchy
d) It discouraged socialism
Answer:
b) It showed a path to overthrow colonial rule
Question 56: What international body was formed to unite pro-Bolshevik socialist parties?
a) The Communist International (Comintern)
b) The Socialist Democratic Forum
c) The Soviet Union Assembly
d) The Second International
Answer:
a) The Communist International (Comintern)
Question 57: What major criticism did socialist countries face regarding freedom?
a) They granted universal rights too quickly
b) They focused on development through repressive policies
c) They failed to modernize agriculture
d) They favored monarchy and landlords
Answer:
b) They focused on development through repressive policies
Question 58: Why did Stalin’s policies lead to widespread purges in the USSR?
a) To eliminate critics of the planned economy and collectivization
b) To strengthen alliances with peasants
c) To increase agricultural productivity
d) To encourage industrial development
Answer:
a) To eliminate critics of the planned economy and collectivization
Question 59: What was one positive achievement of Soviet planning under socialism?
a) Elimination of all taxes
b) Increased industrial production
c) Return of private property to landlords
d) Establishment of a monarchy
Answer:
b) Increased industrial production
Match the following Class 9 History Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
Questions
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| (i) The February Revolution | (a) Nationalisation of banks and industry |
| (ii) Lenin’s Return to Russia | (b) Provisional Government formed |
| (iii) Stalin’s Collectivisation Programme | (c) Bolshevik opposition to war |
| (iv) The 1905 Revolution | (d) Severe famine and peasant resistance |
| (v) The October Revolution | (e) Creation of the Duma |
Answers
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| (i) The February Revolution | (b) Provisional Government formed |
| (ii) Lenin’s Return to Russia | (c) Bolshevik opposition to war |
| (iii) Stalin’s Collectivisation Programme | (d) Severe famine and peasant resistance |
| (iv) The 1905 Revolution | (e) Creation of the Duma |
| (v) The October Revolution | (a) Nationalisation of banks and industry |
Fill in the Blanks Questions for Class 9 History Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
Now lets solve 12 fill-in-the-blank questions from 2nd chapter:
1. The French Revolution opened up the possibility of creating a dramatic change in the way in which society was ___.
Answer:
structured
2. Liberals wanted a nation which tolerated all ___.
Answer:
religions
3. Unlike liberals, radicals opposed the privileges of great ___ and wealthy factory owners.
Answer:
landowners
4. The Bolshevik Party was renamed the Russian ___ Party (Bolshevik).
Answer:
Communist
5. The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was founded in 1898 by socialists who respected ___’s ideas.
Answer:
Marx
6. In the countryside, peasants cultivated most of the land, but the ___, the crown, and the Orthodox Church owned large properties.
Answer:
nobility
7. The year 1904 was a particularly bad one for Russian workers because prices of essential goods rose so quickly that real wages declined by ___ percent.
Answer:
20
8. The Russian Revolution of 1917 was triggered by widespread ___ and discontent with the monarchy.
Answer:
protests
9. Lenin persuaded the Petrograd Soviet and the Bolshevik Party to agree to a socialist ___ of power.
Answer:
seizure
10. The ___ was created by the Bolsheviks to coordinate the revolution.
Answer:
Military Revolutionary Committee
11. By the winter of 1916, ___ at bread shops were common due to severe food shortages.
Answer:
riots
12. During the civil war, the Bolsheviks kept industries and banks ___.
Answer:
nationalised
